One of the most influential ideas in recent decades in the cognitive psychology literature is conflict monitoring theory. Overall, our findings suggest that silent self-talk and performance monitoring are beneficial for conflict resolution over and above constructs such as intelligence and working memory capacity that account for mean RT differences among participants. We found reduced conflict effects in tasks using symbolic, non-verbal stimuli for participants with higher self-reported use of evaluative and motivational inner speech. Participants additionally answered questionnaires concerned with their habitual usage of inner speech such as silently rehearsing task instructions and evaluating performance. In our study we assessed six tasks commonly used to measure conflict resolution capabilities and cognitive flexibility in 163 participants. The present study investigates the potential of evaluative and motivational inner speech to help conflict resolution. Capabilities that resolve such conflicts are therefore mandatory for successful goal achievement.
In addition, how this explanatory model could help neuropsychological intervention processes to work on this cognitive ability in individuals with difficulties in correcting errors.Ĭonflict between response tendencies is ubiquitous in every day performance. The contribution of the proposed theoretical model lies in understanding the process by which human beings manage to correct errors.
#Origin of simon says how to#
The findings suggest that error correction is a complex executive function as it is the product of the internal language capacity that regulates behavior and cognition, adequate regulation of the limbic system, adequate decision-making, and control of automatic impulses, determining how to act and verify the thoughts and behavior of the subject. The method followed was an analysis based on structural equations, considering the maximum likelihood process around a model that considered six executive functions. This article reports an investigation aimed at analyzing an interactive model of executive functions, which seeks to explain the process followed by human beings to correct their mistakes. This supports claims that individual differences predict performance even in simple cognitive tasks such as the Simon task and highlights the flexibility of basic cognitive processes. Using hierarchical linear modeling analysis, we found that self-rated evaluative and motivational inner speech processes accounted for a significant portion of the Simon effect. To investigate this, we assessed individual differences in the use of inner speech for self-instruction. One cause for this inversion might be the construction of language-based representations that counteract automatic processing given the stimulus arrangement. We replicated the inverse congruency effect for verbal material in vertical arrangement when a within-participant design was used (Experiment 2) and when the impact of reading processes was ruled out (Experiment 3). Results of the first experiment point to a modulation of the Simon effects by both factors when they were manipulated between subjects, up to an inversion of the Simon effect for words presented in vertical arrangement. gratings) and stimulus arrangement (i.e., horizontally vs.
non-verbal) with stimulus material (i.e., words vs. In three experiments, we tested the importance of verbal representations in the Simon effect by manipulating the format of representations (verbal vs. Simon congruency effects are regularly attributed to a fast, non-verbal processing route. Commonly, robust congruency effects are found, i.e., reactions are faster when the relevant stimulus attribute and the assigned response match the location of the stimulus. In Simon-type interference tasks, participants are asked to perform a two-choice reaction on a stimulus dimension while ignoring the stimulus position.
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